Valorization of spent mushroom substrate into an antifungal bio board with silver nanoparticles
1 Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
2 Kalaingar karunanidhi Institute of Technology, 641402, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
3 Department of Biotechnology, Madha Arts and Science college, Erandamkattalai, Sadhanandhapuram, Thandalam, Chennai, 600112, India.
4 Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
Research Article
Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2025, 10(02), 025-035.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjms.2025.10.2.0045
Publication history:
Received on 28 August 2025; revised on 16 October 2025; accepted on 19 October 2025
Abstract:
The mushroom industry's rapid expansion is anticipated to generate a staggering 104.2 billion tons of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) annually by 2026, posing significant waste management and environmental challenges. Conventional disposal methods persist due to farmers' limited technical knowledge, hindering potential agricultural uses. This study proposes an innovative solution—repurposing SMS into bioboards enhanced with silver nanoparticles using Erythrina variegata. Adhering to green chemistry principles, the research explores structural, mechanical, and antifungal properties. The optimized process yields bioboards with exceptional internal bonding strength from compressed mushroom substrates. Characterization techniques reveal spherical silver nanoparticles (NPs) of approximately 20 ± 4 nm, synthesized from plant extracts with confirmed crystalline properties. Fungal analysis demonstrates the absence of growth on nanoincorporated bioboards. These boards exhibit remarkable density and bonding strength without additional adhesives, offering a promising avenue for achieving a zero-waste economy in sustainable agriculture and waste management
Keywords:
Valorization; Spent mushroom substrate; Bioboards; Erythrina variegate; Silver nanoparticles; Waste management
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