Family Pipunculidae (Diptera) as endoparasitoids of the cicada: Agricultural pest (Homoptera)
Instituto Federal Goiano, Biology, Parasitology, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
Review
Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2022, 04(01), 001–016.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjms.2022.4.1.0067
Publication history:
Received on 23 May 2022; revised on 25 June 2022; accepted on 27 June 2022
Abstract:
The Pipunculidae Family are obligate endoparasitoids of Homoptera, notably Cicadellidae, Cercopidae, Delphacidae, Membracidae, Issidae, Cixiidae and Flatidae. They mainly attack their nymphs in different stages of development. It has been also recorded the development of some species of Neph rocerus Ikon, 1873 in Tipulids (Diptera: Tipulidae). Female flies usually look for suitable prey and introduce eggs into the host's hemocoel via a penetrating ovipositor. A host attacked by pipunculides is usually in the late nymphal stages; flies of the genus Verralia affect only the imaginal stage of the host (Cercopidae, whose nymphs live in foam masses and are therefore protected from pipunculids). The aim of this study is to report the characteristics of the family Pipunculidae endoparasitoids of cicada (Order Homoptera (Insecta: Homoptera). For this, a bibliographic survey of Scoliidae was carried out in the years 1919 to 2021. Only complete articles published in scientific journals and expanded abstracts presented in national and international scientific events were considered.
Keywords:
Biocontrol; Scarabaeidae; Larvae; Wasp; Host
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Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0