Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract (Punica granatum) on Liver Function and Immunological Markers in Experimentally Obese Rats
Collage of Pharmacy, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Research Article
Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences, 2026, 11(02), 117–124.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjls.2026.11.2.0006
Publication history:
Received on 28 February 2026; revised on 08 April 2026; accepted on 10 April 2026
Abstract:
Background and Objective: Obesity is one of the main causes of metabolic disorders associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies have proven that low-grade chronic inflammation and immune system dysfunction are two essential pillars in causing liver damage associated with obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical effects of pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) on liver functions and immune indicators represented by interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in experimentally obese rats.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 40 male Wistar rats divided into four groups (10 rats in each group): a normal control group, a negative obesity group (HFD diet), and two treatment groups administered with pomegranate peel extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for four weeks. Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT), serum proteins, lipid indicators, and oxidative stress indicators (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH) as well as immune indicators (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10) were measured using the ELISA technique.
Results: Experimental obesity resulted in a significant increase in liver enzyme levels and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α) with a decrease in IL-10 and antioxidant defense indicators. The consumption of the extract at both doses led to a significant improvement (P<0.05) in all indicators in a dose-dependent manner, with the 400 mg/kg dose being more effective.
Conclusion: Pomegranate peel extract has liver-protective and immunomodulatory effects in experimental obesity cases, solidifying its position as a promising herbal therapeutic candidate.
Keywords:
Pomegranate Peel Extract, Punica Granatum, Obesity, Liver Function, IL-6, TNF-Α, IL-10, Oxidative Stress, Rats.
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