Modulation of cellular enzyme activity by bacterial toxins and their impact on physiological processes and metabolism
1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
2 Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
3 Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Research Article
Open Access Research Journal of Life Sciences, 2026, 11(02), 020-028.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjls.2026.11.2.0015
Publication history:
Received on 28 February 2026; revised on 02 April 2026; accepted on 06 April 2026
Abstract:
The experiment was carried out in the laboratories of Kirkuk University using sera derived from 40 healthy individuals ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of bacterial toxins on enzymatic activity, oxidative stress, and metabolism. It was found that bacterial toxin exposure led to a significant increase in CK and LDH concentrations, dependent on their concentrations, which is a sign of cell membrane damage and enzyme leakage. An increase in the Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, as well as a decrease in the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) values were found, which means that there is oxidative stress and impairment in the functioning of the body's antioxidant defense mechanism. From a metabolic point of view, high glucose and lactate concentrations were found, indicating a problem with energy metabolism. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that CK, LDH, and MDA correlated positively with each other, thus establishing the connection between cell damage and oxidative stress caused by the bacterial toxin. Thus, the obtained results indicate that the toxins exert a wide range of concentration-dependent influences on cells and metabolism, while CK, LDH, MDA, and lactate are vital indicators of cell damage.
Keywords:
Bacterial toxins; Oxidative stress; Creatine Kinase (CK); Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH); Malondialdehyde (MDA)
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Copyright © 2026 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0