Integrated Evaluation of Novel Biochemical Biomarkers in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Thyroiditis)
1 Department of Forensic Evidences, College of Science, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq
2 Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.
Research Article
Open Access Research Journal of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2026, 08(02), 057–068.
Article DOI: 10.53022/oarjcp.2026.8.2.0009
Publication history:
Received on 25 January 2026; revised on 02 April 2026; accepted on 09 April 2026
Abstract:
Background and Objective: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease affecting millions of people worldwide. This study is designed to assess role of a panel of conventional and newer biomarkers in making the diagnosis and severity of disease grading with the emphasis on biomarkers directly reflecting the underlying pathogenic mechanisms (such as inflammatory and molecular markers).
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was planned on the basis of inclusion of 100 Hashimoto's patients and 100 sex- and age-matched healthy controls from the city of Kirkuk, Iraq. Thyroid hormones (TSH, Free T4), antibodies (Anti-TPO, Anti-Tg), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), chemokine CXCL10, and new biomarkers (Galectin-3, Selenoprotein P, miRNA-146a) were evaluated.
Results: The levels of TSH, Anti-TPO, Anti-Tg, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL10, Galectin-3, and miRNA-146a were all significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P < 0.001). By contrast, dramatic reduction of the levels of Free T4 and Selenoprotein P and more significantly logistic regression analysis showed that CXCL10 (OR = 4.2) and Selenoprotein P (OR = 3.8) were the strongest independent patterns of diagnosis of the disease. ROC analysis indicated that a high diagnostic capability of the new indicators.
Conclusion: Novel biomarkers add important differential diagnostic information compared to classical parameters in the identification of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and in the evaluation of the activity of its inflammatory process, therefore they play a useful role in the appropriate clinical management of the disease and development of targeted therapies.
Keywords:
Hashimoto thyroiditis, biomarkers, CXCL10, Galectin-3, Selenoprotein P, miRNA-146a, autoimmune thyroiditis
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